Vice versa definition
^ Shinichiro Hamaji (10 November 2007)."Quine Ruby -> Java -> C# -> Python" (in Russian). "Ask and ye shall receive: Self-replicating program that goes through three generations, Python, Bash, Perl". "A Third Order Quine in Three Languages". "Computer Recreations: Self-Reproducing Automata". Of necessity, such quines are much more convoluted than ordinary quines, as is seen by the following example in Ruby: Radiation-hardened Ī radiation-hardened quine is a quine that can have any single character removed and still produces the original program with no missing character. Theoretically, there is no limit on the number of languages in a multiquine.Ī 5-part multiquine (or pentaquine) has been produced with Python, Perl, C, NewLISP, and F# Īnd there is also a 25-language multiquine.
![vice versa definition vice versa definition](https://s3.amazonaws.com/ck12bg.ck12.org/curriculum/102231/thumb_540_50.jpg)
#Vice versa definition full
(Note that cheating is not allowed: the command line arguments must not be too long – passing the full text of a program is considered cheating)."Ī multiquine consisting of 2 languages (or biquine) would be a program which: "A multiquine is a set of r different programs (in r different languages – without this condition we could take them all equal to a single quine), each of which is able to print any of the r programs (including itself) according to the command line argument it is passed.
#Vice versa definition code
#Vice versa definition license
The "download source" requirement of the Affero General Public License is based on the idea of a quine. īratley first became interested in self-reproducing programs after seeing the first known such program written in Atlas Autocode at Edinburgh in the 1960s by the University of Edinburgh lecturer and researcher Hamish Dewar. Later, Paul Bratley and Jean Millo's article "Computer Recreations: Self-Reproducing Automata" discussed them in 1972. John von Neumann theorized about them in the 1940s. The idea of self-reproducing automata came from the dawn of computing, if not before. "Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation" yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation. The name "quine" was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, in his popular science book Gödel, Escher, Bach, in honor of philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000), who made an extensive study of indirect self-reference, and in particular for the following paradox-producing expression, known as Quine's paradox: For amusement, programmers sometimes attempt to develop the shortest possible quine in any given programming language. Quines are possible in any Turing-complete programming language, as a direct consequence of Kleene's recursion theorem. The standard terms for these programs in the computability theory and computer science literature are "self-replicating programs", "self-reproducing programs", and "self-copying programs".Ī quine is a fixed point of an execution environment, when the execution environment is viewed as a function transforming programs into their outputs. (Note that the syntax highlighting demonstrated by the text editor in the upper half of the image does not affect the output of the quine.)Ī quine is a computer program which takes no input and produces a copy of its own source code as its only output. A quine's output is exactly the same as its source code.